The case for pessimism: the coming new age of scarcity

This article was recently published in the Summer edition of “The International Economy”. It suggests that we are moving from an “Age of Plenty” to an “Age of Scarcity”. For the last few decades we have benefited from a variety of positive supply shocks. Unfortunately, every one of these shocks has now turned negative. Moreover, there is now  a need for much higher investment levels to minimize the effects of these negative shocks. The legacy of this fundamental change will be that inflationary pressures will prove more persistent that currently anticipated, that consumption must suffer and that interest rates will stay “higher for longer”.

InternationalEconomyComingAgeofScarcity

 

Posted by williamw in Publications

Why the monetary policy framework in advanced countries needs fundamental reform

INET posted this Working Paper on 14 August 2023. It is argued that monetary policy should be guided much more by financial sector developments (credit and debt) and much less by near term targets for inflation.  This argument is first supported by an historical review of the negative outcomes produced by the current policy framework. A second level of support is provided through questioning the theoretical arguments underpinning the current framework. The search for an alternative monetary policy framework would begin with the observation that an economy is a complex, adaptive system like many others in nature and society. From this perspective, arguments for introducing a “narrow money” regime need more attention than they have thus far been given.

https://www.ineteconomics.org/research/research-papers/why-the-monetary-policy-framework-in-advanced-countries-needs-fundamental-reform

 

Posted by williamw

Bonds are no longer the safe option

John Plender of the Financial Times wrote an article, published on 12 August 2023, in which he referred at length to my thesis that the world is moving from an “Age of Plenty” to an “Age of Scarcity”. This was the transition referred to by Keynes and which prompted him to write “How to Pay for the War” in 1940. My use of Keynes’ words was intentional and was intended to suggest that we might  be facing similar economic and financial challenges in the near future.

https://www.ft.com/content/91f39150-9abe-4257-8d52-17520d35e534

Posted by williamw in Press, References

“Sleepwalking” towards a global Polycrisis?

William White contributed to a “Math for complex climate challenges workshop” held at the University of Waterloo from May 1 to May 4. He pointed out that there were many deficiencies in our global efforts to mitigate climate  change. Not only were there shortcomings in identifying what we should do, but the adequacy of our capacity and willingness to act were also in doubt. White concluded by referring to a still broader problem identified in a a recent paper from the Cascade Institute at Royal Roads University.  It calls for more research on the steps needed to avoid a polycrisis; namely, the likelihood that a number of the systems required to support human life and civilization might all fail in a cascade of “tipping points”.

FieldsWaterlooPaperMay2023PDF

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeZh1Qew9Lc

 

Posted by williamw in Presentations

Era of shortages forcing rates up

MNI Market News posted on 3 March a podcast with William White, conducted by Greg Quinn of the Ottawa bureau. White listed a variety of reasons for expecting future aggregate supply to be constrained, and for future investment needs to strengthen. This implied a sustained need for higher real and nominal interest rates, raising fears of both financial instability and fiscal unsustainability. White suggested that fiscal restraint, directed primarily to reduce consumption, could aid in the battle against inflation and would also help ensure longer run fiscal sustainability.

https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vbW5pZmVkc3BlYWs/episode/ZGE4NGQzY2UtYjlkNy0xMWVkLWI2NDAtMGYzZGMzZWZkMDY5?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjA6Nu8jsD9AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAQ

Posted by williamw in Interviews, Press

A number of inflationary forces will remain in place for a long time

An interview given by William White to Mark Dittli of “The Market” was posted on 23 February. Faced with secular forces likely to lead to a more inflationary future, central banks should raise nominal rates to allow real rates to adjust upwards. However, high levels of both private and public debt (encouraged by earlier monetary easing) imply that higher rates bring significant risks of financial  instability as well as the unsustainability of public finances. White suggests measures to help avoid these risks, but they imply pain for consumers. Political authorities might rather choose policies of “financial repression”. After World War II inflation rose, but interest rates were held down and the real burden of debtors  was reduced over a number of years at the expense of savers. In todays world, the political implications of such redistributive policies could be important.

https://themarket.ch/interview/william-white-financial-markets-could-get-a-terrible-reckoning-ld.8478

Posted by williamw in Interviews, Press

Soft landing or financial market crisis?

William White participated in a webinar panel organized by the American Enterprise Institute on 18 January 2023. White began his remarks with a long list of reasons to be concerned about financial instability. He then went on to note that, absent an “immaculate disinflation”, there might well be the need for more restrictive macroeconomic policy than is currently envisaged. With further monetary tightening likely to be constrained by fears of  private financial instability, as well as fears of government debt service becoming unsustainable, fiscal restraint had to be considered more seriously. Absent the political will to do so, “financial repression” might be turned to as an easier alternative.

https://www.aei.org/events/soft-economic-landing-or-financial-market-crisis/

 

Posted by williamw in Presentations

What next for the post covid global economy: Could negative supply shocks disrupt other fragile systems?

This INET Working Paper, posted on 26 January 2023, is based upon an earlier  presentation. White’s general premise is that our economic, political, public health and environmental systems are all complex, adaptive systems and each is showing clear signs of distress. Moreover,  problems in any one system could easily spread to other systems in a “cascade of tipping points”. In this particular paper, White suggests that existing stress in our economic/financial system is likely to be made worse by a multitude of future, negative supply shocks. In turn, these economic problems might pose a threat to the democratic order in some countries. The paper finishes with reflections on policies that might help to stabilize the situation.

https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/the-post-covid-global-economy-could-negative-supply-shocks-disrupt-other-fragile-systems

Posted by williamw in Publications

The new macroeconomic paradigm: Pandemic lessons and policy needs

William White presented a webinar to the Global Risk Institute in Toronto on 24 January, 2023. He contended that the global economy will face a number of negative supply shocks in the years ahead, while at the same time facing the need for a significant increase in investment. This will create pressure for higher inflation and for higher real interest rates. However, as a legacy of past debt accumulation, higher rates could create financial instability and also fears about the sustainability of government finance in many countries. To avoid this dilemma, the best solution would comprise orderly debt restructurings, fiscal restraint and measures to temper consumption. Given the political difficulties of doing this, the more likely solution might be an attempt to reimpose the “financial repression” used successfully to reduce debt overhang after World War ll.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mU2f74il59c

Posted by williamw in Presentations

Transitioning from an era of plenty to an era of shortages

This article by William White was  published on 20 December  in “The Market” a Swiss financial newspaper. It suggests that the global economy faces such a transition and that there will be, as a result, persistent upward pressure on prices and on interest rates. Similar  to suggestions made by Keynes in “How to pay for the war?”, governments must find ways to scale back unnecessary consumption to finance investments, both public and private, that now offer (think environmental) a very high social rate of return. Politically, this will not be easy.

https://themarket.ch/english/transitioning-from-an-era-of-plenty-to-an-era-of-shortages-ld.8077

Posted by williamw in Articles, Press