An interview given by William White to Mark Dittli of “The Market” was posted on 23 February. Faced with secular forces likely to lead to a more inflationary future, central banks should raise nominal rates to allow real rates to adjust upwards. However, high levels of both private and public debt (encouraged by earlier monetary easing) imply that higher rates bring significant risks of financial instability as well as the unsustainability of public finances. White suggests measures to help avoid these risks, but they imply pain for consumers. Political authorities might rather choose policies of “financial repression”. After World War II inflation rose, but interest rates were held down and the real burden of debtors was reduced over a number of years at the expense of savers. In todays world, the political implications of such redistributive policies could be important.
Press
Transitioning from an era of plenty to an era of shortages
This article by William White was published on 20 December in “The Market” a Swiss financial newspaper. It suggests that the global economy faces such a transition and that there will be, as a result, persistent upward pressure on prices and on interest rates. Similar to suggestions made by Keynes in “How to pay for the war?”, governments must find ways to scale back unnecessary consumption to finance investments, both public and private, that now offer (think environmental) a very high social rate of return. Politically, this will not be easy.
https://themarket.ch/english/transitioning-from-an-era-of-plenty-to-an-era-of-shortages-ld.8077
A conversation with a candid central banker
On December 15, William White had a “Deep Dive” discussion with Danielle Martino Booth on Hedgeye TV. White suggested that central banks had used the wrong analytical framework to guide their monetary policy and that, as a result, the global economy suffered from many sources of instability – not least unexpected inflation. He added that a number of impending, negative supply shocks would worsen inflationary pressures over the medium term and make policy choices still more difficult. The discussion ended by reverting back to flawed analytical frameworks and efforts to make the economic curricula at universities more relevant to real world problems.
Korean debt crisis is a cautionary tale as era of easy money ends
William White was quoted in a Bloomberg article focused on recent problems in Korea’s financial markets that eventually required forceful intervention by the authorities to restore order. White felt that many other countries might face similar problems as monetary policy tightened after many years of unusual ease which had invited leverage and imprudent behaviour.
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgzGrbRWfJNNvlfGZrlNRwSWLwFDx
Letter: How policymakers avoid a ‘cascade of tipping points’
A letter from William White was printed in the Financial Times on 2 December 20 2022. White wrote in support of an earlier article by Martin Wolf called “How to think about policy in a polycrisis”. A number of interacting systems, each essential for human survival and progress, are currently and simultaneously under threat. Policy solutions that focus on only one system, without thinking about the effects on other systems, could well prove counterproductive.
https://www.ft.com/content/0472dc81-2b47-46bb-9f07-fd747796e4bf
Escaping the Debt Trap
William White and Joseph Wang (“Fed guy”) were recently interviewed by Jack Farley on Blockworks Macro. Both provided an assessment of the Fed’s recent policy moves and the balance of risks looking forward. White was particularly concerned about a series of prospective, negative supply side shocks that would worsen all of the policy tradeoffs facing central banks. To complement monetary restraint, he suggested that governments in advanced economies should rely more on reducing consumption through fiscal measures. As well, better procedures to facilitate orderly debt restructuring would be required for an emerging “era of shortages”.
Central bankers were warned about their failed policies
Alan Dunne of Top Traders Unplugged (TTU) interviewed William White on 21 October 2022. TTU is a long running podcast for investors, with more than 7 million downloads since inception. White spoke about what he perceived to be fundamental shortcomings in past monetary policy in the advanced market economies, and some of the attendant risks going forward. Recent events in the UK gilt edged market underline the risk that future inflation control could be compromised by financial dominance or fiscal dominance or both. Anticipated negative supply side shocks will aggravate existing policy tensions.
https://www.toptradersunplugged.com/podcast/william-white-global-macro-series-november-2nd-2022/
Kindelberger, Mehrling and that Nobel Prize
Adam Tooze, author of “Collapsed”, published his Chartbook #160 on 14 October. The essay comments on the 2022 Nobel Prize awards in economics. Tooze makes some very favourable comments about the early work of William White and colleagues at the BIS, and the more recent work of BIS economists as well.
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/Tooze/FMfcgzGqQvxksZHFttZqrxfTnBdKmWpp
The Great Reversal into a higher inflation environment
In a Financial Times article written on September 8, John Plender made a favorable reference to the Forward, written by William White, to an essay prepared for the New Zealand Initiative by Graham Wheeler and Bruce Wilkinson. White suggested that central banks have systematically underestimated the importance of supply side shocks when setting monetary policy.
https://www.ft.com/content/c7c3675e-d6c9-42c1-bec3-19cbab162b91
Edward Chancellor and “The Price of Time”
Edward Chancellor’s recent book “The Price of Time” traces the history of interest rates from their first use in Mesopotamia to modern times. He convincingly documents how low interest rates generally lead to financial instability, low growth and economic insecurity. In the book, and in an interview with Mark Dittli of “The Market” (linked below), he refers very favorably to earlier papers of William White and Claudio Borio of the BIS whom he generously describes as “the heroes in this story” who, in the end, will ” have the last laugh”.
https://themarket.ch/interview/edward-chancellor-central-banks-delayed-the-day-of-reckoning-ld.705