Panel Chairman’s Remarks at a Colloquium in Honour of Claudio Borio

A Colloquium was held on 22 November, 2024, at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, in honour of Claudio Borio who retired from the BIS at the end of the year. The BIS will in the near future be posting the comments made by a large number of participants who came from all over the world to honour the many contributions made by Claudio to “the art of central banking” over many decades. William White was honoured to be asked to Chair the last panel of the day on monetary policy. His opening comments are attached.

 

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Posted by williamw in Presentations

Is a serious global debt crisis likely?

This question was adressed by a number of economists in the Summer 2024 edition of The Internationl Economy. William White (page 25) noted that the global economy is a complex, adaptive system and such systems often break down. We have had three major, global recessions since 1990 and they have all arisen from the financial sector. In each case, a sharp easing of monetary policy led to a debt buildup that then contributed to the next financial crisis as interest rates rose again.  Moreover, the credit granted as a counterpart to this debt has increasingly been granted by non-regulated entities. We do not know who has lent to whom. Against this backdrop, we now seem likely to encounter a number of inflationary pressures arisisng from secular forces; demographics, deglobalisation, climate change etc. A future, global debt crisis now seems more than likely.

 

InternationalEconomyTIE_Su24_GlobalDebtSymp

 

Posted by williamw in Articles, Press

Central banks need escape route from cycle of boom and bust

In his FT article of 1 November, 2024, John Plender made favourable reference to my most recent publication “Why the monetary framework in advanced countries needs fundamental reform”. It has been published as a chapter in the book “The age of debt bubbles”, edited by Max Rangely and published by Springer. Plender concludes that we urgently need debate on excessive monetary easing and the neglect of credit and debt developments. I totally agree, and would add (see my recent AEI presentation) that central banks have essentially ignored supply side developments as well.

https://www.ft.com/content/72b48b7d-ec17-4135-aa40-98b96eec2e64

Posted by williamw in Press, References

Grading the Negative Rate Experiment

A panel of economists responded to this challenge in the Spring Edition of  “The International Economy”. The panelists assessment were almost evenly divided between “A” and “F”  with an equal balance of division across all the letters in between. William White aligned himself with those giving an “F” ranking. While negative rates did not lead to the catastrophic outcomes suggested by some, they constituted an extension of the ultra-easy monetary policies in place since the Great Financial Crisis. White believes these policies were fundamentally misguided, leaving us exposed to both “financial dominance” and “fiscal dominance”.

InternationalEconomyGrading the Negative Rate ExperimentJune 2024

Posted by williamw in Articles

Is the Federal Reserve Behind the Curve?

On 8 October the American Enterprise Institute hoste a panel, chaired by Alex Polack, featuring (in order) Don Kohn, William White, Nathan Sheets and Desmond Lachman. White first evaluated the issue from the shorter-term perspective seemingly preferred both by analysts and the Federal Reserve itself. He concluded that the arguments for easing cautiously, if at all, dominated those for easing aggressively. He then went on to assert that a longer term perspective was required in this evaluation because, in Hyman Minsky’s words, “short term stability breeds longer term instability”. The Fed and central banks more generally have always been behind the curve because they have paid chronic inattention to supply side issues and to the longer term implications of thier policies for financial stability. Looking forward, negative supply shocks will increase the risks of a “tipping point” into either deflation (arising from excessive private debt) or high inflation (arising from excessive public debt).

https://www.aei.org/events/is-the-federal-reserve-behind-the-curve/

Posted by williamw in Presentations

Moving from an Age of Plenty to an Age of Scarcity

Wiliam White was interviewed by Ed D’Agostino of Mauldin Economics on  August 2, 2024. The conversation was centered around White’s view that a combination of negative supply shocks, and the need for massive expenditures to confront national security, environmental and other requirements, would in the end have to squeeze consumer expenditures. Higher interest rates would be part of the process for doing this. Transitioning to an Age of Scarcity will create formidable political challenges to the democratic order. The interview itself, and the transcript, are attached below.

 

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https://youtu.be/d2GG2u7agsE

Posted by williamw in Interviews, Press

Sleepwalking towards a polycrisis? Spillover problems in complex systems

William White holds a PhD from the University of Manchester, and on 26 May partcipated in a fundraiser for other graduates of that university. His keynote presentation described the bad path we are on in the economic, domestic political, geopolitical and environmental spheres, and how things might well get worse. Not least, troubles in one system can destabilise the other systems. After analysing the various forces impeding meaningful policy chage, White gave a broad outline of what needs to be done to move forward, regardless.

 

TorontoManchesterPolycrisisTorontoUofManchester

Posted by williamw in Presentations

Black Gold or Devil’s Excrement?

This article was William White’s response to the question posed by the editors of The International Economy to a panel of economists. It was published in the Fall 2023 edition of the magazine. White notes (page 6) that a country endowed with natural resources is “blessed” but that poor governance can turn that blessing into a resource curse. Similarly, the whole world has been blessed until recently with ample natural resources, especially fossil fuels, but going forward very different circumstances will prevail. Adapting to climate change implies threats to production capacity, of food in particular. Mitigating climate change implies restricting the use of otherwise available energy sources and their costly replacement. Adapting to these changed circumstances poses threats to both economic and political stability.

 

 

InternationalEconomyBlackGoldAutumn2023

 

Posted by williamw in Articles, Press

Why the Monetary Policy Framework in Advanced Countries Needs Fundamental Reform

This paper was published on 3 August 2023 by INET as  Working Paper No 210. It is argued in the paper that monetary policy should be guided much more by financial sector developments (credit and debt) and much less by near term targets for inflation. This argument is first supported by an empirical review of the negative outcomes produced by the inflation targeting framework. In particular, it has led to financial bubbles that have created ever larger bubbles that now seriously threaten future growth prospects. Second, support is provided through questioning the need for and the effectiveness of easy money  (deemed necessary by the inflation targeting framework) and through pointing out its many unintended  consequences. The search for an alternative monetary policy framework would begin with the observation that an economy is a complex, adaptive system like many others in nature and society. From this perspective, arguments for introducing a “narrow money” regime need more attention.

 

http://www.ineteconomics.org/uploads/papers/WP_210-White-Monetary-Policy.pdf

Posted by williamw in Publications