A global asset price bubble in a weak global economy

On September 21, Alex J. Pollock welcomed on behalf of the American Enterprise Institute,Tobias Adrian, Jeffrey Frankel, Desmond Lachman, and William White for a follow-up conversation to their April discussion on the developing disconnect between asset prices and economic fundamentals.  White described the undesirable consequences of past monetary policy by outlining the trend of falling interest rates, accumulating debt, and declining debt quality. He suggested that policy makers have made two grave errors. They did not  appreciate the risks of debt accumulation, financial market distortions and resource misallocations stimulated by repeated cycles of monetary easing. Moreover, they had eased monetary policy inappropriately in the face of positive supply side shocks, largely in the years leading up to the Great Financial Crisis.  We are now in a “debt trap”, worsened by the pandemic,  from which it will be hard to escape.

Links to the conversation and White’s background notes are found below.

https://www.aei.org/events/webinar-a-global-asset-price-bubble-in-a-weak-world-economy/

AEISept2020PDF

 

Posted by williamw in Presentations

Five considerations for a sustainable recovery

On 16 September, William White participated in a webinar panel chaired by John Orchard, the CEO of OMFIF. Other panelists were Robert Holzmann, the Governor of the Austrian National Bank, Pierre Siklos of the Balsillie School of International Affairs (BSIA) in Waterloo, and Danae  Kyriakopoulou, Chief Economist at OMFIF. The discussion was motivated by a paper, written by William White, and published on the same date by both OMFIF and the BSIA.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xog73kHanpA

OMFIFBSIAFinal

 

Posted by williamw in Presentations, Publications

Unsustainable policies and their remedies: five questions that need answering.

OMFIF and the BSIA (Balsillie School of International Affairs)  jointly published on 16 September a piece authored by William White. He contends that the global economic system, and indeed the state of mankind more generally, is more precarious than is commonly understood. Prior to the pandemic, the economic, political and environmental systems that underpin our democratic and capitalist institutions were already highly stressed. The pandemic, the Fourth Horseman of the Apocalypse, now threatens to trigger “tipping points”  that will not be easy to reverse. White remains optimistic that properly chosen policies can reduce these exposures, but they require answering a number of important questions. Not least, what past policies have contributed to the current, unsustainable state of affairs and should be avoided in the future? Spend and print is not a sustainable solution.

 

https://www.omfif.org/2020/09/unsustainable-policies-and-their-remedies/?utm_source=omfifupdate

Posted by williamw in Publications

International financial regulation: why it still falls short.

The Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET) recently published a Working Paper by William White. He argues that changes to international financial regulations, post the 2008 crisis,were undoubtedly useful but still fall short of taming global “boom-bust” credit cycles. A macrofinancial stability framework, in which both monetary and macroprudential instruments were used to “lean against the wind” of credit booms, would seem the minimum requirement to achieve the desired objective. This should likely be complemented by other measures designed to change the behaviour of market participants (including higher capital requirements)and also the structure of  markets themselves. White also notes the shortcomings of individual regulatory changes, and refers to concerns raised about their coherence as a package. The paper concludes with a brief overview of more radical solutions for change suggested in the literature (eg, Free Banking and Narrow Banking) and a final observation. The current International Monetary (Non)System imposes no international discipline to mitigate national tendencies to excessive credit creation.

https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/why-international-financial-regulation-still-falls-short

Posted by williamw in Publications

Is the world still at risk of the “Japan disease”?

This question was posed by the editors of The International Economy to a symposium of over thirty analysts, including William White. White responded that the world will likely languish in “an extended low growth funk” unless the problem of ever growing public and private sector debt is adequately addressed. The “headwinds” of debt were already exerting an undesirable influence on the global economy prior to the pandemic, and the policy response (however necessary, short term)  has made this underlying problem worse. White suggests that, absent any credible alternative policies, cooperative agreements between debtors and creditors to restructure debts might be the least costly and least risky solution.

InternationalEconomySpring2020Japanificationpdf

 

Posted by williamw in Articles, Press

Beyond the lockdown: Monetary policy and financial stability in the transition

William White gave a webinar on 9 June 2020 for the Global Risk Institute. He began by explaining how the global economy developed a number of “dangerous preconditions” prior to the onset of the covid 19 pandemic. In particular, global debt ratios had swelled to unprecedented levels under the influence of extremely accomodative monetary conditions.  The fiscal and monetary response to the pandemic, in the advanced market economies, will further increase debt ratios with implications for both financial stability and inflation. Mr White noted that, unfortunately,  these macroeconomic challenges will be accompanied by other challenges as well. It is clear that current trends with respect to wealth  distribution and environmental damage are not sustainable. While solutions can be proposed for all of these challenges, they will be costly and there will be political resistance. People must be convinced that solutions that are “unpalatable” are preferable to outcomes that are “disastrous”. The need for debt restructuring needs particular attention.

https://globalriskinstitute.org/past-events/beyond-the-lockdown-monetary-policy-and-financial-stability-in-the-transition/

Posted by williamw in Presentations

Simple Lessons for Policymakers from Embracing Complexity

This article will be published shortly as a chapter in a book “New Approaches to Economic Challenges: The Financial System” , published by the OECD in Paris. It is argued in the chapter that economies are Complex, Adaptive Systems (CAS). Such systems are widespread in nature and society,have been well studied by other disciplines, and have many shared characteristics. This communality implies that insights from other disciplines might inform macroeconomic policies as well. Ironically, the embrace of complexity leads to at least ten lessons for policymakers that, while revolutionary,  are both simple and intensely practical.

On 19 August, prior to its publication by the OECD, the chapter was also published as an article in the Swiss financial newspaper “The Market”.

https://themarket.ch/english/simple-lessons-for-macro-policymakers-from-embracing-complexity-ld.2503

 

Posted by williamw in Publications

Economic Dominoes Are Starting to Drop

In a Forbes magazine article published on 1 May, John Mauldin referred to William White as “the former chief economist at the Bank for International Settlements and my favorite central banker”. In the article, Maudlin refers to the massive and dangerous growth in global debt since 2009 (pre pandemic) and the enabling role played by monetary easing.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnmauldin/2019/05/01/economic-dominoes-are-starting-to-drop/#2f17084d7cec

Posted by williamw

Surveillance: Monetary Policy with William White (Podcast)

William White appeared on Bloomberg Television on 7 April, and then on a radio podcast with Tom Keene, Jon Ferraro and Paul Sweeney. He expressed concern about the possible ineffectiveness of still more monetary easing and the possibility of unintended and undesired consequences. He supported the greater reliance on fiscal expansion in the current pandemic crisis, noting that the market was likely to be “patient” before responding badly to sharp increases in government debt. White noted however that the market’s “patience” was not likely to be infinite and that thought should be directed to solving this problem going forward.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/audio/2020-04-07/surveillance-monetary-policy-with-william-white-podcast

Posted by williamw in Interviews, Press

Debt restructuring in the post- pandemic economy

On 14 May 2020 William White was interviewed on  radio by Mark Burgess, the Asian Chairman of OMFIF. Mr White described the state of the global economy, pre covid-19, as “an accident waiting to happen”.  The global economy now faces a period of prolonged distress because of a combination of circumstances; these preconditions, aggravations arising from the pandemic itself, then the costs of the government lock-down in response to the health threats, and finally the fiscal and monetary measures taken by governments to ease the economic costs of the lock-down. Perhaps most importantly, the preexisting  problem of very high global debt levels has now worsened significantly. The conversation then turned to possible outcomes ranging from lingering depression to very high inflation.

https://www.omfif.org/podcast/debt-restructuring-in-the-post-pandemic-economy/

Posted by williamw in Interviews, Press